pneumonia: risks and prevention for seniors
January 11, 2021
Older adults are more susceptible to the risks associated with pneumonia. According to a recent study, about one million American adults over 65 are hospitalized with pneumonia each year.
What Causes Pneumonia?
Pneumonia is an infection in the air sacs in your lungs, or alveoli, which become inflamed and fill with fluid. It’s caused by inhaling bacteria, viruses or fungi. Pneumonia is contracted one of three ways:- Healthcare-associated pneumonia (HAP) is contracted from a healthcare facility, like hospitals or long-term care facilities.
- Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) occurs outside of the healthcare system in a group setting.
- Aspiration pneumonia is caused by inhaling saliva, vomit or food into your lungs. Seniors with swallowing disorders are at particular risk for this type of pneumonia.
Why are Seniors at Higher Risk for Pneumonia?
Your immune system weakens as you age, making you more susceptible to diseases and infections. Older adults are also more likely to have pulmonary disorders or chronic health conditions that increase their risk of contracting pneumonia. According to the American Lung Association, other risk factors include:- Preexisting conditions like heart disease and diabetes
- Lung diseases like COPD, cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis
- Viral respiratory infections like the flu
- Inability to cough or weakened cough
- Smoking
Symptoms
Common symptoms of pneumonia:- Cough, may be dry or bring up phlegm
- Shortness of breath
- Fever or chills
- Chest pain with breathing or coughing
- Fatigue
- Feeling weak or unsteady
- No fever or a lower body temperature
- A lack of appetite
- Confusion or delirium
Prevention
Here are steps you can take to lower your risk of infection.- Get vaccinated: The pneumococcal vaccine is advisable if you have underlying health conditions that increase your risk for lung infections. Your doctor may recommend a series of two shots that are administered a year apart.
- Wash your hands: Washing your hands with warm soapy water will lower your risk of contracting pneumonia. Carry hand sanitizer with you in case soap and water are unavailable.
- Disinfect your home: Regularly clean high traffic surfaces like doorknobs, light switches, remotes, mobile phones, countertops and handles.
- Keep your distance: Avoid crowded areas in public, like grocery stores. Maintain a safe distance and wear a face mask if you go out. It may be safer for you to ask a loved one to help you run errands.
- Maintain a strong immune system. Eat a well-balanced diet, drink plenty of water and get lots of rest to keep your immune system healthy. It’s also a good idea to get regular exercise each day.
